Troop Strength

Number of Divisions in Italy                                                                    SYMBOL =  1  DIVISION

Oct 1943 ALLIED INVASION	German Allied	.. ..
Spring 1944 CASSINO FRONT	German Allied	.. ..
Summer 1944	German Allied	..   ..
Fall 1944 GOTHIC LINE	German      Allied	..      [ 5 ITALIAN]  .
Spring 1945	German    Allied	..      [ 5 ITALIAN]  ..  [ + SEVERAL INDEPENDANT REGIMENTS & BRIGADES]

NOTE:  German divisions were not up to full strength after Spring 1944.
           Spring 1945, Allies strength was equal to the Germans and Italians but the Allies had the
           advantage of armor, air power and fresh troops.

REFERENCES:
       "War in Italy, 1943-1945" - by  Field Marshall Lord Carver.
       "15th Army Group History: 16 December 1944 - 2 May 1945" - Battery Press, 1989.
       "Cassino to the Alps", by Ernest F. Fisher, Jr.;  US Army in WW2 History Series, 1977

 Casualties

The Italian Campaign -  9 Sept 1943 -- 2 May 1945
  Days in Combat = 601
   27 Divisions served under the 5th Army command at one time or another.
   Enemy POW's = 212,112



5th Army Casualties in Italy -  9 Sept 1943 -- 2 May 1945

	KIA	WIA	MIA	Sub-Total	Effecitve Strength 1	Replacements 2
USA	19,475	80,530	9,637	109,642	179,312	144,879
British	6,605	29,977	10,870	47,452	48,818	67,451
Brazilian	275	1,901	235	2,211	14,841	3,989
Italian	290	770	510	1,570	31,134	1,909
French  3	5,241	20,847	1,583	27,671	----	----
TOTALs	31,886	133,825	22,835	188,546	274,105	218,228

 Notes:  This data is for only the US and foriegn troops that served under the command of the 5th Army.
              1  Effective Strength as of 2 May 1945.
              2  Total Replacements during this period.
              3  French troops were transferred out of the Italian Campaign.



Operation  DIADEM    May 11 - May 16, 1944                                                SYMBOL = 1000 MEN

US Fifth Army	17,931	..
British 8th Army	11,639	. .
German Army	38,000	.. . .
German PWs	15,606	. .

PWs = Prisoners of War

  Losses of II Corps -  3,000 men; 1,100 were from 85th 'Custer' Division. 

Casualty Facts & Figures

Salerno Landing  - Sept 9 -16, 1943
   British X Corps      531 KIA    1,915 WIA    1,561 MIA
   U.S.  VI Corps        225 KIA       835 WIA        589 MIA
    British deployed twice as many troops as the Americans

Rapido River - Jan 1944.  In forty-eight hours the 141st and 143d Infantry regiments of the 36th "Texas" Division had suffered 2,128 casualties: 155 KIA, 1,052 WIA, and 921 MIA. Enemy losses were negligible.

Anzio Landing  - Jan 22, 1944
   Amphibious Force:   50,000 men and 5,200 vehicles
                                27 Infantry Battalions (or about the size at Salerno)
    Total Landed by Midnight:  36,034 troops and 3,067 vehicles.
    Allied Casualties - 1st Day:  KIA 13,   WIA 97,   MIA 47.

Statistics for British 1st Division at Anzio, over 6 months
  Officers                100 KIA         295 WIA
  Enlisted Men     1,030 KIA     4,653  WIA

Statistics for casualties in 4 months among Medical personnel:  KIA 92 (including 6 nurses); WIA 367; MIA or PW 79.

 German losses after 2 days of heavy fighting for control of Anzio.
        KIA 188,   WIA 465,  MIA 443  (mostly from Herman Goering Division)

Cassino -  Allies intelligence estimated the casualty rate for one month(Jan?) as  800 Officers & 1480 men.
              For month of April & May:  10,000 men per month.

  Sicily Friendly Fire - July 11, 1943 -  144  C-47 troop a/c carrying 2,060 paratroopers of the US 82nd Airborne Division was fired on by about 5000 guns from friendly ships off the coast.  Resulted in 229 casualties, 23 a/c destroyed and 37 a/c badly damaged.
    Same period, the British sent 144 gliders into Sicily.  70 gliders fell short of coast into the sea.  Only 87 paratroopers reached their objective.

German Cemeteries  -  German troops buried at these cemeteries:
   Pomezia German Cemetery      27,432 buried
   Cassino Cemetery                     20,043  buried

  Logistics

 Support Ships for amphibious landings

Salerno     Sept 9 1943	Anzio     Jan 23, 1944
33  British LCT's   56th British Div   33  American LCT's   45th British Div   34  LCI's    VI Corps & 36th Div    9  APA (attack transports)    4  AKA (attack cargo)    3  Brit LST    3  Light Cruisers   11  Destroyers    8  Mine sweepers    1  Brit Fighter-direction ship	2 Command ships     5 Cruisers    24  Destroyers     2  Anti-A/C ship     2  Gunboats    23  Mine-sweepers    32  Sub-chasers     6  Repair Ships    16  Landing Craft     4   Liberty Ships     8   LSI    84  LST    96  LCI    50  LCT

 Reference:  "Report by The Supreme Allied Commander Mediterranean to the Combined Cheifs of Staff
on The Italian Campaign, 8 January 1944 to 10th May 1944", His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1946.

  General -  An army of 1/2 Million men required 68 Liberty ships of supplies to support it each Month.

 Sicily Landings - July 1943     Allied landing employed 7 Divisions with 3000 ships.

   During 121 days at Anzio,  3,801 Tons of supplies were lost due to shelling or 31.4 tons per day.
   Anzio was supplied by 1,500 Trucks(1/2-ton), or  350-400 trucks per day carriying 1750-2000 tons.

   ULTRA intercepted Gen. Kesselring's orders to Gen Mackensen on Jan 28.  From this intelligence, the Allies could gain an idea of the German armor strength at Anzio:
          25  Mark III Tanks                            20 Mark VI Tiger Tanks
          25 Assault Guns                               90 Anti-Tank Guns

  XII Air Command air power in December 1943 for use in ground attack included:
      72  B-25 and 24 A-20 bombers plus  130  A-36 and  48 P-40 fighter-bombers.

    Bombing of Cassino - Feb 15-20, 1944
       B-17   142 a/c dropped 287 Tons of 500-lb bombs & 600 Tons of 100-lb incendary bombs.
       B-25   47 a/c  and   B-26   40 a/c  dropped 100 Tons of High Explosives.

    Bombing of town of Cassino - March 15, 1944
       338 Heavy bombers and 176 Medium bombers dropped 1,100 Tons of bombs.
       300 Fighter Bombers
       280  Fighters flew cover
       610 Artillery guns fired 1200 tons of shells.

    Artillery Barrage of Cassino- Feb 15-20, 1944 -    2500 Tons of Artillery fired
     or 3 Tons of bombs for each German paratrooper killed defending Cassino.
   (This ratio may be mis-leading.  I don't know if this figure covers the bombs dropped on the Abbey of Cassino, the town of Cassino or the entire front.  If it included the bombs dropped on the Abbey, then that is why the ratio is so large; the intent of the bombing of the Abbey was to destroy the structure and not enemy troops.)

  Support for Anzio Beach -  The critical factor of the Anzio landing was the availability of landing craft, such as LST's and LCI's.  The landing craft were needed for the up-coming Normandy invasion.  The commanders tried to predict the number of LST's required to maintain the supplies on to the Anzio beachead.  During the Tunis Conference, the commanders promised to release 56 LST's back to UK by 15 January.  The Anzio landing was 22 January, which was resulted in losses of several ships and continued re-supply for a few weeks.
           Required    3000 Tons per Day
           Limited to  2500 Tons per Day based on available LST.
           Rushed      7000 Tons per Day in order to build up the supplies before LSTs returned back to UK.
           Decrease   4225 Tons per Day due to weather.

Cassino -  After multiple air assaults and the firing of 600,000 artillery shells, the assaults on Cassino by the New Zealand Corps was halted on 23 March, 1944 that resulted in 1,316 New Zealander casualties and 3,000 Indian casualties,

    Operation DIADEM-  May 11, 1944 -  3,500 Tons of Artillery fired along the GUSTAV Line.

REFERENCES:
     Some data is from the Center for Military History website which is a summary of the US Army in WW2 publications.