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 Dated: June 8,  2018    




Bridging the Po Valley

   
5th Army & 85th Infantry Division

April 21 – 26,  1945
 
Final Campaign in Italy

   The Po Valley Campaign began in early April with the attacks by the British 8th Army and the US 5th Army to capture the last remaining mountain peaks before reaching the plains of the Po Valley.   When Bologna and Hiway No. 9 was reached, the Germans could not form a defensive line as they had been able to do in the mountains.  The only natural defensive position was the Po River.  The Allies had to reach it and cross it before the Germans could organize a new defensive position.  
   This page was created using several books listed below.  However, not all of these references were used as some had conflicting or confusing information.  This page mainly focusses on the role of the 85th Infantry Division.  However, the 85th Infantry and the 10th Mountain Divisions lead the advance across the Po River for all of the IV Corps and the rest of the front.

  The maps on this page represent the advance of the IV Corps based on my interpretation of my references.  My main focus is on the 85th Infantry Division and their zone.  The 10th Mountain Division played a major role in leading the way.  The text and maps attempts to show the role of both divisions.  There will be some who will not agree on how the units are depicted. 
                                                                                                                         Steve


The material contained herein is considered public domain but the compilation of material is copyright protected.






Page Selection
Overview Brief History of Po Valley Campaign

CLICK BUTTON
     Maps -   Listed in order from South to North.
Button Map 1 - Advance beyond Bologna and Hiway #9
Go To Page 2 Map 2 -  Securing the Po River
Go To Page 3 Map 3 - Beyond Po River
References List of books and booklets about the Po Valley Campaign - Listed at bottom of page.




Po Valley
April 21 - 25, 1945

The following account was prepared by reviewing several unit histories to create a fair and accurate sequence of the events.  The reference maps were created from various sources and focuses primarily on the actions of the 85th Infantry Division. 

   While the IV Corps used the 1st Armored Division to cover the western flank of the advance across the floor of the Po Valley, it sent the 10th Mountain Division on the left and the 85th Division on the right generally northward across the Panaro to the Po River.  The enemy tried to save for the use of his own retreating forces two bridges across the Panaro River northeast of Modena, at the towns of Bomporto and Camposanto, about six miles apart.  The 10th Mountain Division seized the Bomporto bridge intact on 21 April, using a mobile advance force called Task Force Duff.  The main body reached the area south of the bridge before midnight and kept  on across the river, heading for San Benedetto di Po, 24 miles farther north, which it occupied at 1800, 22 April.   

    The 85th Divison, reinforced by small units of tanks and tank destroyers and preceded by the 85th Recon Trop, had headed for Camposanto.  When the first elements arrived at the Camposanto bridge in the early morning of 22 April, and looked across to the town on the northern bank, they found, as elements of the 6 South African Armored Division had found the day before, that the bridge had not yet been demolished but that the enemy was ready to defend it.  Cpl. Anthony J. Augustine of B Co., 310th Engineer Battalion, 85th Infantry Division swam across the river and cut the wires by which it might have blown the bridge.  However, the town was so strongly held, that the crossing could not be made before nightfall.

    The 10th Mountain Division meanwhile let one mobile battalion of the 85th Division cross over the Bomporto bridge, so that during the night of 22-23 April, units of both divisions were advancing northward toward the Po.  Next morning, the advance force of the 85th Division reached the Po River at Quingentole, between the mouth of the Secchia River and the Po River bridge at Ostiglia farther east.

   The Po River was wide, with sandy banks.  Little was known about the tactical situation on the northern bank, as the 10th Mountain Division prepared to cross it in assault boas.  The enemy remained quiet until the assault forces were concentrated, then fired heavily into the assembly area.  The 1st Battalion, 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, followed by the remainder of the regiment, led the assault.  On the northern bank, they built up a bridgehead during the afternoon of 23 April despite artillery, mortar, and the rifle fire.  The other two regiments crossed before morning, assisted by a battalion of amphibian trucks (DUKWs).

   IV Corps engineers had a cable ferry operating by the next afternoon, and pushed the construction of pontoon and the treadway bridges for use soon afterward.  Here, then was the first Allied crossing in a single day of a barrier supposed to hold up all pursuit for several days, at least.  But it was only the first of many.  At Quingentole, in the IV Corps zone, the 85th Division forced a second crossing a few hours later, on 24 April.

   II Corps struck northward to the Po from the vicinity of Bologna on 21 April.  The enemy was able to pull back from Eighth Army’s attack on the east before an encirclement northeast of Bologna could be effected.  Elements of II Corps were delayed by the determined resistance of covering forces on the west flank of German Tenth Army, but the 88th Division, farthest west, found the enemy in its path more disorganized.  This division made a speedier advance to the Panaro, and crossed it on a small, partly demolished bridge east of Camposanto (at the same time that the 85th Division was crossing via the Camposanto bridge), and in rubber assault boats and other improvised ferrying facilities.  On 23 April, as Fifth Army shifted the boundary between II and IV Corps somewhat to the west, the 88th Division on the western flank of II Corps seized control of Hiway 12 and the Revere-Ostiglia crossing.

   The 88th Division’s advance to reach the Po on 23 April had been swift.  Its elements next fanned out along the south bank to round up enemy stragglers.  The Germans were trying to assemble their many disorganized units in this area for escape to the far side of the Po, so that the 88th Division in 48 hours collected hordes of prisoners, estimated to total 11,000.  The same story was true of the 91st Division farther east.  By nightfall, 24 April, 60 miles of the southern bank of the Po was held by II and IV Corps, while considerable forces had already crossed.  The enemy south of it had surrendered so many men and abandoned such quantities of equipment, that, along with what had been destroyed, any prolonged and effective resistance north of the Po seemed no longer possible.

    Not all the enemy south of the Po had been rounded up, but those that remained were often in disorganized small units of groups of stragglers whom Italian partisans flushed from hiding and turned over to Allied troops.  Some die-hard elements had to be subdued, but many of the enemy were ready to quit.  Those Germans who got across the Po were intent on reaching the routes of escape from Italy into German-held territory.  The operations, which ensued from 24 Aril to 2 May, therefore, was largely a contest in mobility, a race to the exits, and then a large-scale mopping up.


~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~  End  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


Panora Bridge at Bomporto

Bridge over the PANARO River near BOMPORTO.
By 1600 on 21 April, a task force secured this bridge before the German could set the demolition charges.

                 Maps are arranged from North to South so the movement can be traced.
Map 3
-   Advance beyone the Po River and converging on Vicienza & Verona.

Map 2 -   85th Division crosses the Panaro River and advances to the Po River.
Map 1 -   IV Corps crosses  Hiway 9 between Modena and Bologna and advances to Panaro River.

> NORTH <
Map 3
Map 2

Map 1
> SOUTH <

Legend


Infantry
RED 337 Regiment - 85 Div

Armored
Blue 338 Regiment - 85 Div

Division Green 339 Regiment - 85 Div

Regiment
91 Division Artillery - 85 Div

Battalion 91 91st Infantry Div (US)

  . 6SA 6th South African Armored Div

  .


 


Link to German Map of Po Valley
German Map of Po Valley
Click to open a large PDF file of images taken from a 1943 German map.



Treadway Bridge on the Po River
Treadway Bridge across the Po River at San Benedetto.
The 915-foot bridge was opened on afternoon of 25 April.

Treadway Bridge crossing the Po River
Engineers add final planking to bridge across the Po River.
Four hours later, this ponton bridge was built to carry the heavy equipment.


Ostiglia RailRoad Bridge
Partially demolished Railroad Bridge at Ostiglia .
The Germans opposed the crossing with machine guns and 20-mm automatic weapons.


 
The infantry was moving so rapidly, that the Germans had to surrender to artillerymen.

         
   "328th FA Bn, Battery C, believes it chalked up a record for the highest number of PWs captured in a day by any one firing battery.  89 prisoners in 24 hours isn’t a bad haul for artillerymen.  The prisoners were brought in by Sgt Charlie Glidden, T/4 James Hill, T/5 John Kleckner, Pfc Charles Shipley, Pfc A. J. Wyatt, Pfc Pete Ingoglia, Pvt Lester Strawn and Pvt George Bush."

Another story from a jeep driver.
         
   "Five handkerchief waving Tedeschis (i.e. Germans) at first startled Pfc Ira Hale, 337th Message Center jeep driver, as he breezed down the highway.  Recovering, however, Hale slammed on his brakes and looked over the frightened Jerries. 
  Jeep Regulations didn't cover this.  He scratched his head - - "Ah-um-mm- Can only carry three; against regulations, you know."  Boldness overcame him, "Aw jump in anyway."  And so, on to the POW cage, under the speed limit, of course."

                           Both quoted from Custer Combateer, Vol 1, No. 3, May 1945 
                        This was a newspaper printed for the soldiers after the war ended.

 

 
Po River Crossing at Quingentole

  The 85th Infantry Division crossed the Po River at the town of Quingentole.   During a visit to the National Archives in College Park, MD, I found a map overlay used to mark the location of the crossing.  A map overlay was a sheet of clear vellum paper used to transfer map information to other maps within the command.  The overlay had a reference to an Army map sheet and it had two grid points to aid in aligning with the map.  The vellum filed in the archives was very old and faded but I was able to use the two grid points (the red +) and transfer this information to Map Sheet #63.
   The three RED lines are the three crossings.  I thought this was pontoon bridges but other sources said they crossed on boats and DUKWs.  In 2016, I visited this location and one of the citizens of Quingentole told of being a young boy and seeing the bridges erected across the Po River.  I'm still researching to find photos taken during the time of the crossing.
   The 10th Mountain Division crossed to the West at San Benedetto Po and the 88th Division crossed in the damaged bridge at Revere to the East.

Po River Crossing at Quingentole

The BLUE circle on the north side was the main objective with the BLUE dashed lines as the line of advance.
The YELLOW circles on the South bank show the assembly areas of the 1st & 3rd Battalion of the 337 Regiment and the other support units. The 328FA is indicated in RED: their Ops Report said they were in the vicnity of NUVOLATO.
The GREEN dashed lines are boundaries between regiments and battalions.

 

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Finto !
 
The War is Over

  The 85th Infantry Division formed into Combat Teams and continued to pursue the retreating German army north of Verona and into the Alps.  They caught up with a German column in the foothills of the Alps.   The Germans negotiated a surrender at the town of La Stanga.
   The Operational Report of the 337th Infantry Regiment documents the surrender of the German 76th Panzer Corps.  This is a little surprising since the 76th
Panzer Corps were fighting in the British sector a few days earlier.  During their rapid retreat, they crossed over into the path of the American 5th Army while trying to find an escape route into Austria.

  Open Po Valley & the Alps for Sgt. N. F. Cole's photos he took on this day.


Surrender of German 76 Corps

Surrender of German 76th Panzer Corps to 337th Infantry, 85th Division, at La Stanga, north of Belluno, Italy on May 2, 1945.
 L-R:  (a) Colonel Oliver W. Hughes, CO 337th Infantry, (b) Lieut- General Von Graffen, GG
German 76th  Panzer Corps, and (c) Lt. Lamm, the interpreter.
  
Ops Report of 337 Regiment

Surrender of 29th Panzer Grenadier Division
    An official Army Signal Corps photo.
Surrender of 29th Panzer Grenadier

Fifth Army, MASCREA Area, Italy
At an Arms Collecting point near CP of Co. B, 337th INF REGT, 85th Division.
The Commander of the surrendered German 29th Panzer Grenadier Div, talks with Americans.

L-R:  Lt. James D. Brahan, Platoon Leader; Lt. Henry C. Merritt, Acting CO. Commander; T/5 Herman G. Hauser, Interpreter; Capt James M. Isom, Exec. Officer, Maj Gen Frederick Polack, CG of 29th Panzer Grenadier Division and a German Major from 15th Regt% of the 29 Pzr Grd Division.
 
     %
One source shows the Germans had a 15th Panzer Grenadier Division at this time.


German Generals surrendering to the 337th Infantry Regiment.

German Generals

Map showing location of La Stanga
   Porco Dopo Belluno was the site where my Dad spent the last night of the war after the German column was captured.
   See The Po Valley and the Alps.


Map

 Thanks for contribution provided by Don Jones [ 337 Regiment ], Bob Holt[ 752 Tank Battalion] and Howard Gorrell.  

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References:
   Some references used more than others.

"The 85th Infantry Division in WW2" by Paul Schutlz.  Battery Press.
"The Battle History of the 1st Armored Division" by George F. Howe.  Combat Forces Press, 1954.
"The 91st Infantry Division in WW2" by Major Robert A. Robbins.  Washington Infantry Journal, 1947.
"The Blue Devils in Italy" by John P. Delaney. History of 88th Infantry Division.  Battery Press, 1988.
"15th Army Group History; 16 December 1944- 2 May 1945".  Battery Press, 1989.
"Dieci giorni di guerra" (Ten Days of War), by Luca Valente.  Cierre Publication(Italy), 2006.
"History of the 3rd Battalion, 338th Infantry Regiment, 85th Infantry Division". Campus Publishing Co., 1946.
"Operation Reports of 337th Infantry Regiment, 85th Infantry Division".  {partial xerox copy}
"History of the 3rd Battalion, 337th Infantry Regiment, 85th Infantry Division". {partial xerox copy}
"Minturno to the Appennines", MTOUSA, 1944. 
Unofficial "Supplement to Minturno to the Alps",  unknown author, not published (see Links, below).
"19 Days; From the Appennines to the Alps", MTOUSA, 1945.
"The Final Campaign Across Northwest Italy, 14 April - 2 May 1945". MTOUSA, 1945.   
Custer Combateer, Vol 1, No. 3, May 1945  A newspaper printed after the war ended.
Map with annotations from the files of 85th Infantry Division, National Archives, College Park, MD.

Web Links to Referenced documents:
History of the 310th Combat Engineer Battalion.  Link to my AOL page:  members.aol.com/custermen/Engineer310.htm .
"Supplement to Minturno to the Appennines", unpublished.   Link:  www.custermen.com/History85.htm .

External Links:
  10th Mountain Division Association, Inc.  Link:  10thmtndivassoc.org .

Maps:
  U.S. Army Maps, "Italy Road Map 1:200,000" printed in 1943.  A set of 30 road maps covers all of Italy.
        Map Sheet No. 8.

Maps used on this page were designed by the Webmaster and the original artwork created by Andrew Aldrich
Maps on this page are copyrighted material.  Photos from public domain sources.



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